- What is probate?
- Probate is the formal recognition by the Supreme Court of Victoria that a will is the last valid will of the deceased and that the executor named in it has authority to administer the estate. A grant of probate is the official court document confirming that authority.
- When is probate required in Victoria?
- Probate is generally required where the deceased held assets in their sole name above the thresholds set by individual asset holders — for example significant bank balances, shares, or real property held solely. Banks, share registries, the Land Use Victoria titles office and superannuation funds each set their own thresholds, and many will not release assets without sighting a grant.
- What is the difference between probate and letters of administration?
- Probate is granted to the executor named in a valid will. Letters of administration are granted where there is no valid will (intestacy) or where the named executor is unable or unwilling to act. The administrator is appointed under a statutory order of priority and administers the estate under the same legal duties as an executor.
- How long does probate take in Victoria?
- An uncontested probate application is typically granted within four to eight weeks of filing, assuming all advertising periods have run and the Supreme Court Probate Office has no requisitions. Full administration of an estate — collecting assets, dealing with debts and distributing — commonly takes six to twelve months, and longer where the estate is complex, contested or includes business or international assets.
- What are an executor's duties?
- An executor must locate and prove the will, identify and protect estate assets, obtain a grant of probate where required, pay debts, lodge final tax returns, account to beneficiaries and distribute the estate in accordance with the will. The role is fiduciary — an executor must act in the best interests of the estate and its beneficiaries.
- Can an executor be personally liable?
- Yes. An executor who distributes the estate before debts and claims are properly addressed, fails to advertise as required, makes incorrect tax decisions or breaches a fiduciary duty can be held personally liable. Early legal advice — including the use of statutory notices to potential creditors and claimants — substantially reduces that exposure.
- What happens if someone dies without a will?
- The estate is administered under the intestacy rules in the Administration and Probate Act 1958 (Vic). A statutory hierarchy determines who is entitled to apply for letters of administration and how the estate is distributed among surviving relatives. The outcome can be especially harsh for blended families, de facto partners and step-children.
- Can beneficiaries ask for information about an estate?
- Yes. Beneficiaries are generally entitled to be told they are a beneficiary, the nature of their interest, and basic information about the progress of the administration. They are usually entitled to a copy of the will once probate has been granted, and to a statement of estate accounts before final distribution.
- What if there is a dispute about the will or estate?
- Disputes can arise about the validity of the will, the conduct of an executor, the construction of unclear gifts, or claims for further provision by eligible family members under Part IV of the Administration and Probate Act 1958 (Vic). Most are best resolved through mediation; some require Supreme Court proceedings. We act for executors, administrators and beneficiaries in each of these scenarios.
- Do I need a lawyer to apply for probate?
- It is possible to apply for probate without a lawyer, but the Supreme Court Probate Office expects strict compliance with its rules, evidence requirements and advertising obligations. Errors can lead to requisitions, delay or personal liability. For all but the simplest estates, professional assistance saves time and substantially reduces risk to the executor.